Bill Rankin, with Antoine Picon, spring 2006
Bennett, Jim. The Mathematical Science of Christopher Wren. 1982.
Jardine, Lisa. On a Grander Scale: The Outstanding Career of Sir Christopher Wren. 2002.
Long, Pamela. “The Contribution of Architectural Writers to a ‘Scientific’ Outlook in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries.” in Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 15 (Fall 1985).
——— “Openness and Empricism: Values and Meaning in Early Architectural Writings and in Seventeenth-Century Experimental Philosophy.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Pérez-Gómez, Alberto. Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science. 1983.
Picon, Antoine. Claude Perrault 1613-1688, ou la curiosité d’un classique. 1988.
Summerson, John. “The Mind of Wren.” in Heavenly Mansions. 1949. [1936].
*Galilei, Galileo. Discourse Concerning Two New Sciences of Mechanics and Local Motions. 1633.
*Stevin, Simon. De beghinselen der weeghconst. 1586.
*Blondel, François. L’art de jetter les bombes. 1683.
*Perrault, Claude. Ordonnance for the Five Kinds of Columns after the Method of the Ancients. 1683.
“Organic”
Architecture and Biological Metaphors
Baridon, Laurent. L’imaginaire scientifique de Viollet-le-Duc. 1996.
Blundell-Jones, Peter. Hugo Häring: The Organic Versus the Geometric. 1999.
Bressani, Martin. “Science, histoire, et archéologie: Sources et généalogie de la pensée organiciste de Viollet-le-Duc.” (Doctoral dissertation, Université de Paris IV, 1997).
——— “Viollet-le-Duc’s Optic.” in Architecture and the
Sciences. 2003.
Eck, Caroline van. Organicism in Nineteenth-Century Architecture: An Inquiry into its Theoretical and Philosophical Background. 1994.
Egbert, Donald Drew. “The Idea of Organic Expression and American Architecture.” in Evolutionary Thought in America. 1950.
Eigen, Edward. “The Housing of Entropy: Schrödinger’s Code-Script.” in Perspecta 35 (2004).
Forty, Adrian. “‘Spatial Mechanics’: Scientific Metaphors in Architecture.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Frank Lloyd Wright and Viollet-le-Duc: Organic Architecture and Design from 1850 to 1950. 1986.
Jenkins, Alice. “Spatial Imagery in Nineteenth-Century Representations of Science: Faraday and Tyndall.” in Making Space for Science. 1997.
Robinson,
Sydney, ed. The Continuous Present of Organic Architecture. 1991.
Teyssot, Georges. “Norm and Type: Variations on a Theme.” in Architecture and the Sciences. 2003.
Vidler,
Anthony. “The Idea of Type, 1750-1830.” in Oppositions
8 (1977).
*Galton, Francis. “Generic Images.” in Nineteenth-Century 6 (July 1879).
*Goff, Bruce. Goff on Goff. 1996.
*Haeckel, Ernst. Kunstformen der Natur. 1899-1904.
*Lynn, Greg. “Multiplicious and In-Organic Bodies.” in Assemblage 19 (1992).
*——— Animate Form. 1999.
*Soleri, Paolo. Arcology: The
City in the Image of Man. 1969.
*Sullivan, Louis. “Towards the Organic.” in Roots of Contemporary American Architecture. 1952.
*Thompson, D’Arcy. On Growth and Form. 1917. especially pp 268-325.
*Viollet-le-Duc,
E. E. Dictionnaire raisonné de
l’architecture française du XIe au XVIe siècle. 1854-1868. [1990.]
*———
Discourses on Architecture. 1875.
*Wright,
Frank Lloyd. “An Organic Architecture.” 1939.
Banham, Reyner. The Architecture of the Well-tempered Environment. 1969.
——— A Concrete Atlantis: U.S. Industrial Building and European Modern Architecture, 1900-1925. 1986.
Biggs, Lindy. The Rational Factory: Architecture, Technology, and Work in America’s Age of Mass Production. 1996.
Buddensieg, Tilmann et al. Industriekultur: Peter Behrens and the AEG. 1984.
Campbell, Joan. The German
Werkbund: The Politics of Reform in the Applied Arts. 1978.
Davies, Colin. High Tech Architecture. 1988.
Gabriel, J. François. Beyond the Cube: The Architecture of Space Frames and Polyhedra. 1997.
Galison, Peter. “Aufbau/Bauhaus: Logical Positivism and Architectural Modernism.” in Crit Inquiry 16 (1990).
——— “Constructing Modernism: The Cutural Location of Aufbau.” in Origins of Logical Empiricism. 1996.
Guillén, Mauro. “Scientific Management’s Lost Aesthetic: Architecture, Organization, and the Taylorized Beauty of the Mechanical.” in Administrative Science Quarterly 42 (1997).
Hays, K. Michael. “Diagramming the New World, or Hannes Meyer’s ‘Scientization’ of Architecture.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Herbert, Gilbert. The Dream of the Factory-Made House: Walter Gropius and Konrad Wachsmann. 1984.
Huxtable, Ada Louise. Pier Luigi Nervi. 1960.
Lewis, Robert. “The North American Factory in the Interwar Period.” in Technology and Culture 42 (2001).
Loach, Judi. “Le Corbusier and the Creative Use of Mathematics.” in Brit J Hist Sci 31 (1998).
Maier, Charles. “Between Taylorism and Technocracy: European Ideologies
and the Vision of Industrial Productivity in the 1920s.” in Jounral of Contemporary History 5
(1970).
Marks, Robert. The Dymaxion World of Buckminster Fuller. 1960.
Martin, Reinhold, ed. Forget Fuller? ANY 17 (1997).
McLeod, Mary. “ ‘Architecture or Revolution’: Taylorism, Technocracy, Social
Change.” in Art Jrnl 43 (1983).
Pawley, Martin. Buckminster Fuller. 1990.
*Behrens, Peter. “Art and Technology.” 1910. [in Industriekultur. 1984].
*Cook, Peter. Archigram.
1991.
*Eisenman, Peter. “Visions Unfolding: Architecture in the Age of Electronic Media.” in Domus 734 (1992).
*Frampton, Kenneth. Studies in Tectonic
Culture. 1995.
*Giedion, Seigfried. Space, Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. 1941.
*——— Mechanization Takes Command: A Contribution to Anonymous History. 1948.
*Gropius, Walter. “Die Entwicklung moderner Industriebaukunst.” in Deutscher Werkbund Jahrbuch. 1913.
*Fuller, R. Buckminster. 4D Time Lock. 1930.
*——— Nine Chains to the Moon. 1938.
*Le Corbusier. Vers une
Architecture. 1925.
*Meyer, Hannes. “Building.” 1928. [in Hannes Meyer: Buildings, Projects, and Writings. 1965.]
*Muthesius and van de Velde. “Werkbund Theses and Antitheses.” 1914.
[in Programs and Manifestoes. 1970.]
*Pérez-Gómez, Alberto. Polyphilo, or the Dark Forest Revisited. 1992.
*Sant’Elia, Antonio (via Marinetti). “Futurist Architecture.” 1914. [in
Programs and Manifestoes. 1970;
1964.]
*Scheerbart, Paul. Glasarchitecktur.
1914.
*Taut, Bruno. Alpine Architecktur.
1919.
*Venturi, Robert. Iconography and Electronics Upon a Generic Architecture: A View from the Drafting Room. 1996.
*Wachsmann, Konrad. The Turning Point of Building: Structure and Design. 1961.
*Yorke, F. R. S. The Modern House.
1934.
Bardini, Theirry. Bootstrapping: Douglas Engelbart, Coevolution, and the Origins of Personal Computing. 2000.
Campbell-Kelly, Martin and William Aspray. Computer: A History of the Information Machine. 1996.
David, Paul. “The Dynamo and the Computer.” in The American Economic Review 80 (1990).
Deleuze, Gilles. “Postscript on the Societies of Control.” in October 59 (1992) [1990].
Edwards, Paul. The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America. 1996.
Galison, Peter. “The Ontology of the Enemy: Nobert Wiener and the Cybernetic Vision.” Crit Inq 21 (1994).
——— “War Against the Center.” in Grey Room 4 (2001).
Heims, Steve. John von Neumann and Norbert Wiener: From Mathematics to the Technologies of Life and Death. 1980.
——— The Cybernetics Group. 1991.
Henderson, Kathryn. On Line and On Paper: Visual Representation, Visual Culture, and Computer Graphics. 1999.
Kittler, Friedrich. “Computer Graphics: A Semi-Technical Introduction.” in Grey Room 2 (2001).
Lenoir, Timothy and Casey Alt. “Flow, Process, Fold.” in Architecture and the Sciences. 2003.
Lobsinger, Mary Lou. “Cybernetic Theory
and the Architecture of Performance: Cedric Price’s Fun Palace.” in Anxious Modernisms. 2000.
Martin, Reinhold. “Organicism’s Other.” in Grey Room 4 (2001).
——— The Organizational Complex. 2003.
Mindell, David. Between Human and Machine: Feedback, Control, and Computing before Cybernetics. 2002.
Picon, Antoine. “Architecture, Science, Technology, and the Virtual.” in Architecture and the Sciences. 2003.
Rosenzweig, Roy. “Wizards, Bureaucrats, Warriors, and Hackers: Writing the History of the Internet.” in American Historical Review 103 (1998).
Wigley, Mark. “Network Fever.” in Grey Room 4 (2001).
*Crary, Jonathan and Sanford Kwinter, eds. Zone 6: Incorporations. 1992.
*De Landa, Manuel. War in the Age of Intelligent Machines. 1991.
*——— A Thousand Years of Non-Linear History. 1997.
*Kwinter, Sanford. Architectures of Time: Toward a Theory of the Event in Modernist Culture. 2001.
*Pask, Gordon. The Cybernetics of Human Learning and Performance. 1975.
*Price, Cedric. Cedric Price.
1984.
*Roy, Lindy. “Geometry as a Nervous System.” in ANY 17 (1997).
*Stroud, John. “Psychological Moment in Perception – Discussion.” in von Foerster, ed., Cybernetics. 1950.
*Wiener, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society. 1950.
Ecological
Principles and “Nature”
Anker, Peder. “The Philosopher’s Cabin and the Household of Nature.” in Ethics, Place, and Environment Vol. 6, No. 2 (2003).
——— “The Bauhaus of Nature.” in Modernism 12 (Apr 2005).
Cronon, William. Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England. 1983.
——— Introduction and “The Trouble with Wilderness.” in Uncommon Ground. 1995.
Engel, J. Ronald. Sacred Sands: The Struggle for Community in the Indiana Dunes. 1983.
Guha, Ramachandra. Environmentalism: A Global History. 2000.
Hays, Samuel P. Conservation and the Gospel of Efficiency: The Progressive Conservation Movement, 1890-1920. 1959.
——— Beauty, Health, and Permanence: Environmental Politics in the United States, 1955-1985. 1987.
Hill,
David. America’s Disparate Organicists: From Frank Lloyd Wright to Paolo
Soleri. 1989.
Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America. 1964.
Miller, Perry. “The Romantic Dilemma in American Nationalism and the Concept of Nature.” in Nature’s Nation. 1967.
Nash, Roderick. Wilderness and the American Mind. 1967.
Pyla, Panayiota. “Ekistics, Architecture and Environmental Politics 1945-76: A Prehistory of Sustainable Development.” (PhD dissertation, MIT, 2002).
Scott, Felicity. “Bernard Rudofsky: Allegories of Nomadism and Dwelling.” in Anxious Modernisms. 2000.
Sprin, Anne Whiston. “The Legacy of Frederick Law Olmsted.” in Uncommon Ground. 1995.
Welter, Volker. Biopolis: Patrick Geddes and the City of Life. 2002.
*Alexander, Christopher. Notes on
the Synthesis of Form. 1971.
*——— A Pattern Language.
1977.
*Calthorpe, Peter. The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. 1993.
*Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. 1962.
*Doxiadis, C. A. Ecology and Ekistics. 1977.
*Fuller, R. Buckminster. Utopia or Oblivion: The Prospects for Humanity. 1969.
*——— “Technology and the Human Environment.” in The Ecological Conscience. 1970.
*Leopold, Aldo. A Sand County Almanac. 1949.
*Lynch, Kevin. The Image of the
City. 1960.
*McHarg, Ian. Design with Nature. 1969.
*Naess, Arne. Ecology, Community, and Lifestyle: Outline of an Ecosophy. 1989. [1976].
*Rudofsky, Bernard. Architecture
without Architects: An Introduction to Non-Pedigreed Architecture. 1964.
*Whole Earth Catalog. 1969-1971.
II. THE TECHNOLOGY OF BUILDING
Alder, Ken. Engineering the Revolution: Arms and Enlightenment in France, 1763-1815. 1997.
Benvenuto, Edoardo. An Introduction to the History of Structural Mechanics. 1991.
Billington, David. The Tower and the Bridge: The New Art of Structural Engineering. 1983.
——— Robert Maillart and the Art of Reinforced Concrete. 1990.
Cosgrove, Denis and Geoff Petts, eds. Water, Engineering, and Landscape. 1990.
Langins, Janis. Conserving the Enlightenment: French Military Engineering from Vauban to the Revolution. 2004.
Lepetit, Bernard. The Pre-Industrial Urban System: France 1740-1840. 1994.
Mainstone, Rowland. “Structural Theory and Design before 1742.” in Architectural Review 143 (Apr 1968).
Mark, Robert, ed. Architectural Technology up to the Scientific Revolution. 1993.
Peters, Tom F. Building the Nineteenth Century. 1996.
Pfammatter, Ulrich. The Making of the Modern Architect and Engineer. 2000.
Picon, Antoine. French Architects and Engineers in the Age of the Enlightenment. 1988.
——— L’invention de l’ingénieur moderne: L’Ecole des Ponts et Chaussées 1747-1851. 1992.
——— L’art de l’ingénieur: Constucteur, entrepreneur, inventeur. 1997.
——— Les saint-simoniens: Raison, imaginaire, et utopie. 2002.
Straub, Hans. A History of Civil Engineering. 1952. [1949.]
Timoshenko, Stephen. History of Strength of Materials. 1953.
*Diderot and d’Alembert, eds. Encyclopédie, ou Dictionnaire des sciences, des arts et des métiers. 1751.
*Eck, C. L. Gustave. Traité de construction en poteries et fer. 1841.
*Gauthey, E. M. Mémoire sur l’application des principeo de la méchanique à la
construction des voûtes et des domes. 1771.
*Rondelet, Jean Baptiste. Traité théorique et pratique de l’art de batir. 1802.
Mechanical
and Structural Systems
Arsenault, Raymond. “The End of the Long Hot Summer.” in Journal of Southern History 50 (1984).
Bruegmann, Robert. “Central Heating and Forced Ventilation.” in JSAH 37 (1978).
Collins, Peter. Concrete: The Vision of a New Architecture, A Study of Auguste Perret and his Precursors. 1959.
Cooper, Gail. Air Conditioning America: Engineers and the Controlled Environment, 1900-1960. 1998.
Delhumeau, Gwenaël. L’invention du béton armé: Hennebique, 1890-1914. 1999.
Donaldson, Barry and Bernard Nagengast. Heat & Cold: Mastering the Great Indoors. 1994.
Elliott, Cecil D. Techincs and Architecture: The Development of Materials and Systems for Buildings. 1992.
Fitch, James Marston. American Building 2: The Environmental Forces that Shape It. 1971. [1948.]
Forsyth, Michael. Buildings for Music. 1985.
Herbert, Gilbert. Pioneers of Prefabrication: The British Contribution in the Nineteenth Century. 1978.
Larson, Gerald R. and Roula Mouroudellis Geraniotis. “Toward a Better Understanding of the Evolution of the Iron Skeleton Frame in Chicago.” in JSAH 46 (1987).
Nye, David E. Electrifying America: Social Meanings of a New Technology, 1880-1940. 1990.
Ogle, Maureen. All the Modern Conveniences: American Household Plumbing, 1840-1890. 1996.
Peterson, Charles, ed. Building Early America: Contributions Toward a History of a Great Industry. 1976.
Reid, Donald. Paris Sewers and Sewermen: Realities and Representations. 1991.
Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. The Railway Journey: The Industrialization of Time and Space in the Nineteenth Century. 1979.
——— Disenchanted Night: The Indistrialization of Light in the Nineteenth Century. 1988 [1983].
Simonnet, Cyrille. Le béton: histoire d’un materiau. 2005.
Thompson, Emily. The Soundscape of Modernity: Architectural Acoustics and the Culture of Listening in America, 1900-1933. 2002.
Wermiel, Sara. The Fireproof Building: Technology and Public Safety in the Nineteenth-Century American City. 2000.
——— “No Exit: The Rise and Demise of the Outside Fire Escape.” in Technology and Culture 44 (2003).
III.
THE PLACES OF SCIENCE
Cooper, Alix. “From the Alps to Egypt (and Back Again).” in Making Space for Science. 1997.
Dettelbach, Martin. “Humboldtian Science.” in Cultures of Natural History. 1994.
——— “The Face of Nature: Precise Measurement, Mapping, and Sensibility in the Work of Alexander von Humboldt.” in SHPBBS 30 (1999).
Forgan, Sophie. “Context, Image, and Function: A Preliminary Enquiry into the Architecture of Scientific Societies.” in British Journal for the History of Science 19 (1986).
——— “‘But Indifferently Lodged…’: Perception and Place in Building for Science in Victorian London.” in Making Space for Science. 1997.
——— “Bricks and Bones: Architecture and Science in Victorian Britain.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Hannaway, Owen. “Laboratory Design and the Aim of Science: Andreas Libavius versus Tycho Brahe” in Isis 77 (1986).
Heilbron, John. “Science in the Church.” in Science in Context 3 (1989).
Israel, Paul. From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory: Telegraphy and the Context of American Invention. 1992.
Jackson, Myles W. “Illuminating the Opacity of Achromatic Lens Production: Joseph von Fraunhofer’s Use of Monastic Architecture and Space as a Laboratory.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Kohler, Robert. Landscapes & Labscapes: Exploring the Lab-Field Border in Biology. 2002.
Newman, William. “Alchemical Symbolism and Concealment: The Chemical House of Libavius” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Ophir, Adi and Steve Shapin. “The Place of Knowledge.” in Science in Context 4 (1991).
Secord, Anne. “Science in the Pub: Artisan Botanists in Early 19th Century Lancashire.” in Hist Sci 32 (1994).
Shackelford, Jole. “Tycho Brahe, Laboratory Design, and the Aim of Science.” in Isis 84 (1993).
Shapin, Steve. “The House of Experiment in Seventeenth-Century England” in Isis 79 (1988).
The
Construction of Placelessness: Laboratories and Modern Scientific Authority
Aubin, David. “The Fading Star of the Paris Observatory in the Nineteenth Century.” in Osiris 18 (2003).
Cahan, David. “The Geopolitics and Architectural Design of a Metrological Laboratory.” in The Development of the Laboratory. 1989.
Chadarevian, Soraya de. “Laboratory Science Versus Country-House Experiments: The Controversy Between Julius Sachs and Charles Darwin.” in Brtitish Journal for the History of Science 29 (1996).
Dierig, Sven. “Engines for Experiment: Laboratory Revolution and Industrial Labor in the Nineteenth-Century City.” in Osiris 18 (2003).
Eigen, Edward. “The Place of Distribution.” in Architecture and the Sciences. 2003.
Forgan, Sophie. “The Architecture of Science and the Idea of a University” in SHPS 20 (1989).
Forgan, Sophie and Graeme Gooday. “‘A Fungoid Assemblage of Buildings’: Diversity and Adversity in the Development of College Architecture and Scientific Education in Nineteenth Century South Kensington.” in History of Universities 14 (1994-95).
Galison, Peter and Caroline Jones. “Factory, Laboratory, Studio.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Gieryn, Thomas F. “Biotechnology’s Private Parts (and Some Public Ones).” in Making Space for Science. 1997.
——— “Two Faces on Science: Building Identities for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Gooday, Graeme. “Precision Measurement and the Genesis of Physics Teaching Laboratories in Victorian Britain.” in BJHS 23 (1990).
——— “The Premisses of Premises: Spatial Issues in the Historical Construction of Laboratory Credibility.” in Making Space for Science. 1997.
Latour, Bruno. “Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Raise the World.” in Science Observed. 1983.
Ponte, Alessandra. “Desert Testing.” in Architecture and the Sciences. 2003.
Rocke, Alan. “Origins and Spread of the ‘Giesen Model.’” in Ambix 50 (2003).
Schaffer, Simon. “A Manufactory of Ohms.” in Invisible Connections. 1992.
——— “Physics Laboratories and the Victorian Country House.” in Making Space for Science. 1998.
Brandt, Allan M. and David C. Sloane. “Of Beds and Benches: Building the Modern American Hospital.” in The Architecture of Science. 1999.
Forty, Adrian. “The Modern Hospital in England and France.” in Buildings and Society. 1980.
Foucault, Michel. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the Age of Reason. 1961.
——— Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception. 1963.
———, ed. Les Machines à guérir: aux origines de l’hôpital moderne. 1979.
Gauchet, Marcel and Gladys Swain. Madness and Democracy: the Modern Psychiatric Universe. 1999.
Goffman, Erving. Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. 1961.
Kramer, Cheryce. “A Fool’s Paradise: The Psychiatry of Gemüth in a Biedermeier Asylum.” (PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, 1997).
Middleton, Robin. “Sickness, Madness and Crime as the Grounds of Form.” in AA Files 24 & 25 (Autumn 1992, Summer 1993).
Murphy, Michelle. “Sick Buildings and Sick Bodies: The Materialization of an Occupational Illness in Late Capitalism.” (PhD dissertation, Harvard University, 1998).
Pinon, Pierre. The Charenton Hospital: Temple of Reason or Architectural Folly. 1989.
Prior, Lindsay. “The Architecture of the Hospital: A Study of Spatial Organization and Medical Knowledge.” in British Journal of Sociology 1 (March 1988).
Rosenberg, Charles. Care of Strangers: The Rise of America’s Hospital System. 1987.
Scull, Andrew. “A Convenient Place to Get Rid of Inconvenient People: The Victorian Lunatic Asylum.” in Buildings and Society. 1980.
Sloane, David C. “Scientific Paragon to Hospital Mall.” in JAE 48 (1994).
Stevenson, Christine. Medicine and Magnificence: British Hospital and Asylum Architecture, 1660-1815. 2000.
Thompson, John D. and Grace Goldin. The Hospital: A Social and Architectural History. 1975.
*Fiset, Martin. “Architecture and the Art of
Healing.” in Canadian Architect 35 (March 1990).