MODERN ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM
IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES
Bill Rankin, with Neil Levine and
Michael Hays, spring 2006.
I. WHAT MAKES MODERN ARCHITECTURE MODERN?
Grand Narratives of Architectural Modernism
Banham, Reyner. Theory
and Design in the First Machine Age. 1960.
Behne,
Adolf. The Modern Functional Building.
1926.
Ciucci, Giorgio. “The Invention
of the Modern Movement.” in Oppositions
24 (1981).
Frampton, Kenneth. Modern Architecture: A Critical History.
1980.
Giedion, Seigfried. Space,
Time, and Architecture: The Growth of a New Tradition. 1941.
Habermas, Jürgen. “Modern and Post-Modern Architecture.” in 9H 4 (1982).
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. Modern Architecture, Romanticism and
Reintegration. 1929.
——— Architecture: Ninteenth and Twentieth Centuries. 1958.
Hitchcock and Johnson. The International Style. 1932.
Pevsner, Nikolaus. Pioneers of Modern Design: From William
Morris to Walter Gropius. 1936.
Skully, Vincent. Modern Architecture: The Architecture of
Democracy. 1992.
Tafuri, Manfredo and Francesco
Dal Co. Modern Architecture. 1979.
[1976.]
Ideology, Practice, and Professional Organization
Cuff, Dana. Architecture: The Story of Practice. 1991.
Friedman, Alice. Women and the Making of the Modern House.
1998.
Gutman, Robert. Architectural Practice: A Critical View.
1988.
Jarzombeck, Mark. The Psychologizing of Modernity: Art,
Architecture, and History. 2000.
Kostof, Spiro, ed. The Architect: Chapters in the History of
the Profession. 1977.
Smith,
Norris Kelly. On Art and Architecture in
the Modern World. 1971.
Stevens, Gary. The Favored Circle: The Social Foundations
of Aarchitectural Distinction. 1998.
Tafuri,
Manfredo. “Towards a Critique of Architectural Ideology.” 1969.
———
“The Historical ‘Project.” in The Sphere
and the Labyrinth. 1987. [1980.]
Upton, Dell. “Architectural
History or Landscape History?” in JAE
44 (1991).
II. INTELLECTUAL HISTORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
Enlightenment Theory, Archaeology, and Neoclassicism
Bergdoll, Barry. European Architecture 1750-1890. 2000.
Crook, J. Mordaunt. The Greek Revival: Neoclassical Attitudes in
British Architecture, 1760-1870. 1972.
Picon, Antoine. “From ‘Poetry of
Art’ to Method.” in Précis of the Lessons
on Architecture. 2000.
Summerson, John. “John Wood” and
“J. M. Gandy.” in Heavenly Mansions.
1949.
——— Sir John Soane, 1753-1837. 1952.
——— Life and Work of John Nash. 1980.
Szambien, Werner. Jean-Nicolas-Louis Durand, 1760-1834: de
l’imitation à la
norme. 1984.
Vidler, Anthony. Articles on
Laugier, Ledoux, Sade, and Winckelmann. in The
Writing of the Walls. 1987.
Watkin, David. Sir John Soane: Enlightenment Thought and
the Royal Academy Lectures. 1996.
*Durand, J. N. L. Recueil et parallèle des édifices de tout
genre anciens et modernes. 1800.
*——— Précis of the Lessons on Architecture. 1802-1805. [2000.]
*Legrand, J. G. introduction to Essai sur l’histoire générale de
l’architecture. 1808.
*Quatremère de Quincy, A. C. Architecture. excerpts in Oppositions 4 (1977), 9H 7 (1985).
*Soane, John. The Royal Academy Lectures. 1809, 1815.
[1996.]
Architecture and Morality: The Gothic Revival and Its Discontents
Blau, Eve. Ruskinian Gothic: The Architecture of Dean and Woodward, 1845-1861.
1982.
Brooks, Chris. The Gothic Revival. 1999.
Brownlee, David. The Law Courts: The Architecture of George
Edmund Street. 1984.
Germann, Georg. The Gothic Revival in Europe and Britain.
1972.
Lewis, Michael. The Politics of the German Gothic Revival:
August Reichensperger. 1993.
Muthesius, Stephan. The High Victorian Movement in Architecture,
1850-1870. 1972.
Schorske, Carl. “Medieval Revival
and its Modern Content.” in Thinking with
History. 1998.
Summerson, John. “William Butterfield,
or, The Glory of Ugliness.” in Heavenly
Mansions. 1949.
Thompson, Paul. William Butterfield. 1971.
*Clark, Kenneth. The Gothic Revival: An Essay in the History
of Taste. 1928.
*Pugin, A. W. N. Contrasts. 1836.
*——— True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture. 1841.
*Ruskin, John. The Seven Lamps of Architecture. 1849.
*——— The Stones of Venice. 1851-1853.
*Street, George Edmund. Brick and Marble in the Middle Ages.
1855.
*——— “On the Revival of the
Ancient Style of Domestic Archtiecture.” in The
Ecclesiologist 13 (1853).
History, Rationalism, and the Liberalizing State
Bergdoll, Barry. “Archaeology vs.
History.” in Oxford Art Journal 5
(1983).
——— Karl Friedrich Schinkel: An Architecture for Prussia. 1994.
Bressani, Martin. “Notes on Viollet-le-Duc’s
Philosophy of History.” in JSAH 48
(1989).
Levine, Neil. “The Romantic Idea
of Architectural Legibility.” in Architecture
of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. 1977.
——— “The Book and the Building.”
in The Beaux-Arts and Nineteenth-Century
French Architecture. 1982.
Mallgrave, Harry. Gottfried Semper. 1996.
Middleton, Robin. “The
Rationalist Interpretations of Classicism.” in AA Files 11 (1986).
Loyer,
François. “Viollet-le-Duc to Tony Garnier.” in Art Nouveau Architecture. 1979.
Schwarzer, Mitchell. German Architectural Theory and the Search
for Modern Identity. 1995.
Summerson, John. “Viollet-le-Duc
and the Rational Point of View.” in Heavenly
Mansions. 1949.
Van Zanten, David. The
Architectural Polychromy of the 1830s. 1977.
——— Designing
Paris: The Architecture of Duban, Labrouste, Duc, and Vaudoyer. 1987.
Wise, M. Norton. “Architectures for Steam.” in The Architecture of
Science. 1999.
*Hübsch, Heinrich. In welchem Style sollen wir bauen? 1828.
[1992.]
*Schinkel, Karl. Sammlung Architektonicher Entwürfe.
1815-1841.
*Semper, Gottfried. Der Stil in den technischen und tektonischen
Künsten. 1860-1863. [2004.]
*Viollet-le-Duc, E. E. Dictionnaire raisonné de l’architecture
française du XIe au XVIe siècle. 1854-1868. [1990.]
*——— Discourses on Architecture. 1875.
The Architecture of the Bourgeoisie
Culot, Maurice. “Red Steel and Blue Aesthetic.” in Art Nouveau Architecture. 1979.
Bruegmann, Robert. The Architects and the City: Holabird and
Roche of Chicago, 1880-1918. 1997.
Condit, Carl. The Chicago School of Architecture.
1964.
Cromley,
Elizabeth. Alone Together: A History of
New York’s Early Apartments. 1990.
Girouard, Mark. Sweetness and Light: The Queen Anne Movement
1860-1900. 1977.
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell. The Architecture of H. H. Richardson and his
Times. 1936.
Levine, Neil. The Architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright.
1996.
Mead, Christopher. Charles Garnier’s Paris Opéra. 1991.
Scully,
Vincent. The Shingle Style and the Stick
Style. 1955.
——— Frank Lloyd Wright. 1960.
Silverman,
Debora. Art Nouveau in Fin-de-Siècle
France: Politics, Psychology, Style. 1989.
*Root, John Wellborn. “The Value
of Type in Art.” in Inland Architect and
Builder 2 (Nov 1883).
*——— “Archtiectural
Ornamentation.” in Inland Architect and
Builder 5 (Apr 1885).
*———
“Style.” in Inland Architect and Builder
8 (Jan 1887).
*Schuyler,
Montgomery. American Architecture and
Other Writings. 1876-1914. [1961.]
*Sullivan,
Louis. “Ornament in Architecture.” in The
Engineering Magazine 3 (Aug 1892).
*——— “The
Tall Office Building Artistically Considered.” in Lippicott’s (Mar 1896).
*——— Kindergarten Chats and Other Writings,
1901-1902.
*Van
Brunt, Henry. “Greek Lines” in Greek
Lines and Other Architectural Essays. 1893.
*———
introduction to Viollet-le-Duc’s Discourses
on Architecture. 1875.
*Wright,
Frank Lloyd. “The Art and Craft of the Machine.” 1901. [in FLW Collected Writings. 1992].
*———
“In the Cause of Architecture.” 1908. [in FLW:
Collected Writings. 1992].
*——— An Autobiography. 1932.
Mass Culture and the Cultural
Elite: Reactions to Industrial Production
Benton, Tim. “Arts and Crafts and
Art Nouveau.” in Art Nouveau Architecture.
1979.
Bletter,
Rosemary Haag. “The Interpretation of the Glass Dream.” in JSAH 40 (1981).
Colomina,
Beatriz. Privacy and Publicity: Modern
Architecture as Mass Media. 1994.
Gravugnuolo,
Benedetto. Adolf Loos: Theory and Works.
1982.
Hays,
K. Michael. Modernism and the
Posthumanist Subject. 1992.
Pehnt,
Wolfgang. Expressionist Architecture.
1973.
Robbins,
David, ed., The Independent Group:
Postwar Britain and the Aesthetics of Plenty. 1990.
Sadler,
Simon. The Situationist City. 1998.
Schwartz, Frederick. The Werkbund: Design Theory and Mass Culture before the First World War.
1996.
Smith,
Elizabeth, ed. Blueprints for Modern
Living: History and Legacy of the Case Study Houses. 1989.
Troy,
Nancy. Modernism and the Decorative Arts
in Fin-de-Siècle France: Art Nouveau to Le Corbusier. 1991.
Whyte,
Iain. Bruno Taut and the Architecture of
Activism. 1982.
Wigley,
Mark. White Walls, Designer Dresses: The
Fashioning of Modern Architecture. 1995.
Wit,
Wim de. The Amsterdam School: Dutch
Expressionist Architecture 1915-1930. 1983.
Wollen,
Peter. “The Situationist International.” in New
Left Review 174 (1989).
*Loos,
Adolph. “Ornament and Crime.” 1908.
[in Programs and Manifestoes. 1970; 1964.]
*———
“Architecture.” 1910. [in The
Architecture of Adolph Loos. 1985].
*Muthesius,
Hermann. Style-Architecture and Building
Art. 1902. [1994.]
*———
“Aims of the Werkbund.” 1911. [in Programs
and Manifestoes. 1970; 1964.]
*Velde,
Henry van de. “Programme.” 1903. [in Programs
and Manifestoes. 1970; 1964.]
*Venturi,
Scott Brown, and Izenour. Learning from
Las Vegas. 1972.
Anti-Historicism, Universalism,
and Aesthetic Purity
Anderson,
Stanford. “The Legacy of German Neoclassicism and Biedermeier.” in Assemblage 15.
Banham,
Reyner. “The New Brutalism.” 1955. [in A
Critic Writes. 1996.]
Bois,
Yve-Alain. “Mondrian and the Theory of Architecture.” in Assemblage 4 (1987). [1981.]
———
“The De Stijl Idea.” in Painting as Model.
1990.
Britton,
Karla. Auguste Perret. 2001.
Drexler
and Hitchcock. Five Architects. 1972.
Goldhagen,
Sarah. Louis Kahn’s Situated Modernism. 2001.
Hines,
Thomas. Richard Neutra and the Search for
Modern Architecture. 1982.
——— Irving Gill and the Architecture of Reform. 2000.
Krier,
Léon, ed. Albert Speer: Architecture
1932-1942. 1985.
Mallgrave,
Harry, ed. Otto Wagner: Reflections on
the Raiment of Modernity. 1993.
Moos,
Stanislaus von. Le Corbusier: Elements of
a Synthesis. 1968.
Riley,
Terry, ed. Mies in Berlin. 2001.
Rowe,
Colin. “The Mathematics of the Ideal Villa.” in idem. 1947.
Troy,
Nancy. The De Stijl Environment. 1983.
*Berlage,
Henrick. Thoughts on Style 1886-1909.
[1996].
*Doesburg,
Theo van. On European Architecture.
1924-1931. [1990.]
*Le
Corbusier. Oeuvre Complète.
1910-1938.
*Mies
van der Rohe, Ludwig. The Artless Word.
[1991.]
*Venturi,
Robert. Complexity and Contradiction in
Architecture. 1966.
*Wagner,
Otto. Modern Architecture. 1896.
[1988.]
*——— “Die
Großstadt, eine Studie über diese.” 1911.
Social Transformation, Housing,
and Urbanism
Blau,
Eve. The Architecture of Red Vienna,
1919-1934. 1999.
Doordan,
Dennis. Building Modern Italy: Italian
Architecture 1914-1936. 1988.
Fishman,
Robert. Urban Utopias in the Twentieth
Century: Howard, Wright, Le Corbusier. 1977.
Fraser,
Valerie. Building the New World.
2000.
Mumford, Eric. The CIAM
Discourse on Urbanism, 1928-1960. 2000.
Lane, Barbara
Miller. Architecture and Politics in
Germany, 1918-1945. 1968.
Saint,
Andrew. Towards a Social Architecture:
The Role of School Building in Postwar England. 1987.
Stieber,
Nancy. Housing Design and Society in
Amsterdam, 1900-1920. 1998.
Wiebenson,
Dora. Tony Garnier: The Cité Industrielle.
1969.
*Bauer,
Catherine. Modern Housing. 1934.
*CIAM. Die Wohnung für das
Existenzminimum. 1930.
*Ginzburg,
Moisei. Style and Epoch. 1923.
[1982.]
*Gruppo
7. “Manifesto.” 1931. [in Architectural
Design 51 (1981).]
*Kurokawa,
Kishō. “Metabolism Manifesto.” 1960.
*Le Corbusier. The Athens
Charter. 1943.
*Lissistzky,
El. Russia: An Architecgture for World Revolution.
1930.
*Rossi,
Aldo. The Architecture of the City.
1966.
*Smithson, Alison. Team 10
Primer, 1953-1962. 1963.
III. URBANIZATION AND SOCIAL
REFORM
The Bourgeois City and
Middle-Class Reformers
Bluestone, Daniel. Constructing Chicago. 1991.
Bowie, Karen, ed. La modernité avant Haussmann: formes de
l’espace urbain à Paris, 1801-1853. 2001.
——— Paris et ses chemins de fer. 2003.
Boyer, Paul. Urban Masses and Moral Order in America, 1820-1920. 1978.
Briggs,
Asa. Victorian Cities. 1963.
Geist,
Johann Friedrich. Arcades: The History of
a Building Type. 1983.
Greenhalgh,
Paul. Ephemeral Vistas: The Expositions
Universelles, Great Exhibitions, and World’s Fairs. 1988.
Hayden, Dolores. The Grand Domestic Revolution. 1981.
Loyer,
François. Paris Nineteenth Century:
Architecture and Urbanism. 1988.
Pinkey,
David. Napoleon III and the Rebuilding of
Paris. 1958.
Rosenzweig,
Roy and Elizabeth Blackmar. The Park and
the People: A History of Central Park. 1992.
Scobey, David. Empire
City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape. 2002.
Van Zanten, David. Building Paris: Architectural Institutions and the Transformation of
the French Capital. 1994.
*Addams,
Jane. Twenty Years at Hull House.
1910.
*Alphand,
Adolphe. Les Promenades de Paris.
1867-1873. [1984.]
*Chadwick,
Edwin. Report on the Sanitary Conditions
of the Labouring Population. 1843.
*Engels,
Friedrich. The Condition of the Working
Class in England. 1844.
*Haussmann,
G. E. Mémoires. 1890-1893.
*Mayhew,
Henry. London Labour and the London Poor.
1851-1862.
*Riis,
Jacob. How the Other Half Lives.
1890.
The Development of City Planning
Collins,
George and Christiane Crasemann Collins. Camillo
Sitte and the Birth of Modern City Planning. 1965.
Crasemann
Collins, Christiane. Werner Hegemann and
the Search for Universal Urbanism. 2005.
Hines, Thomas. Burnham of Chicago: Architect and Planner.
1974.
Ladd,
Brian. Urban Planning and Civic Order in
Germany, 1860-1914. 1990.
Peterson,
Jon. The Birth of City Planning in the
United States, 1840-1917. 2003.
Rodgers,
Daniel. “In Search of Progressivism.” in Reviews
in American History 10 (1982).
Schorske,
Carl. “The Ringstrasse.” in Fin-de-Siècle
Vienna: Politics and Culture. 1979.
———
“Museum in Contested Space” and “The Idea of a City.” in Thinking with History. 1998.
Sutcliffe,
Anthony. Towards the Planned City:
Germany, Britain, the United States, and France 1780-1914. 1981.
White,
Morton and Lucia White. The Intellectual
versus the City. 1962.
Wilson,
William. The City Beautiful Movement.
1989.
Wolf,
Peter. Eugène Hénard and the Beginnings
of Urbanism in Paris, 1900-1914. 1968.
*Olmsted,
Frederick Law. “Public Parks and the Enlargement of Towns.” 1870. [in Writings on Public Parks.]
*Sitte,
Camillo. Der Städte Bau nach seinen
künsterlischen Grundsätzen. 1889.
Centralization and
Decentralization
Bauman,
Biles, and Szylvian, eds. From Tenements
to the Taylor Homes. 2000.
Bruegmann,
Robert. Sprawl: A Compact History.
2005.
Fishman,
Robert. Bourgeois Utopias: The Rise and
Fall of Suburbia. 1987.
Fogelson, Robert. Downtown: Its Rise and Fall, 1880-1950.
2001.
Jackson, Kenneth. Crabgrass Frontier. 1985.
Landau, Sarah and Carl Condit. Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865-1913.
1996.
Stilgoe,
John. Borderland: Origins of the American
Suburb 1820-1939. 1988.
Sugrue,
Thomas. The Origins of the Urban Crisis:
Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit. 1996.
Warner,
Sam Bass. Streetcar Suburbs: The Process
of Growth in Boston 1870-1900. 1978.
Wiese,
Andrew. Places of Their Own: African
American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century. 2004.
Willis, Carol. Form Follows Finance: Skyscrapers and
Skylines in New York and Chicago. 1995.
Wright,
Gwendolyn. Building the Dream: A Social
History of Housing in America. 1983.
*Jacobs, Jane. The
Death and Life of Great American Cities. 1961.
*Mumford, Lewis. The City in History: Its Origins, its
Transformations, and its Prospects. 1961.
*Waldie,
D. J. Holy Land. 1996.