Unpublished comparative dataset used in:
Nunn, C.L., J.L. Gittleman, J. Antonovics (2000) Promiscuity and the primate immune system. Science 290: 1168-1170.
| Species name
|
Group Size
|
Population Density
|
Percent Terrestrial
|
Terrestriality Codes
|
| Alouatta caraya
|
7.3 |
159 |
|
0 |
| Aotus trivirgatus
|
3.4 |
29.7 |
|
0 |
| Ateles fusciceps
|
|
|
|
0 |
| Ateles geoffroyi
|
52.3 |
14.4 |
|
0 |
| Callicebus donacophilus
|
3.7 |
31.3 |
|
0 |
| Callimico goeldii
|
7.6 |
|
|
0 |
| Callithrix jacchus
|
8.6 |
1030 |
|
0 |
| Cebuella pygmaea
|
7.9 |
37.5 |
0 |
0 |
| Cebus apella
|
15.1 |
22.9 |
|
0 |
| Cercocebus torquatus
|
23.2 |
52.2 |
70 |
1 |
| Cercopithecus diana
|
21.1 |
47.3 |
0 |
0 |
| Cercopithecus mitis
|
16.9 |
108 |
0 |
0 |
| Cercopithecus neglectus
|
6.7 |
112 |
25 |
1 |
| Colobus angolensis
|
11.7 |
67.8 |
|
0 |
| Colobus guereza
|
8.9 |
209 |
|
0 |
| Erythrocebus patas
|
31 |
0.7 |
60 |
2 |
| Eulemur fulvus
|
8.2 |
705 |
0 |
0 |
| Eulemur macaco
|
10 |
129 |
|
0 |
| Eulemur mongoz
|
3.1 |
|
0 |
0 |
| Gorilla gorilla
|
15.8 |
1 |
|
1 |
| Hylobates lar
|
3.8 |
8.3 |
0 |
0 |
| Hylobates syndactylus
|
4 |
1.4 |
|
0 |
| Lemur catta
|
15.9 |
168 |
25 |
1 |
| Leontopithecus chrysomelas
|
6.6 |
|
|
0 |
| Leontopithecus rosalia
|
5.3 |
|
|
0 |
| Macaca fuscata
|
55.4 |
31.5 |
|
1 |
| Macaca nigra
|
22.1 |
24.9 |
60 |
1 |
| Macaca silenus
|
18.1 |
|
0 |
0 |
| Mandrillus sphinx
|
84 |
|
|
1 |
| Miopithecus talapoin
|
92.5 |
71.3 |
5 |
0 |
| Nycticebus coucang
|
|
20 |
|
0 |
| Pan troglodytes
|
49.2 |
3.5 |
50 |
1 |
| Papio sp.
|
62.5 |
20.8 |
90 |
2 |
| Pithecia pithecia
|
3.9 |
3.6 |
|
0 |
| Pongo pygmaeus
|
1.8 |
3.1 |
5 |
0 |
| Propithecus verreauxi
|
6.6 |
130 |
5 |
0 |
| Saguinus imperator
|
3.3 |
8.3 |
|
0 |
| Saguinus midas
|
4.7 |
32.9 |
|
0 |
| Saguinus oedipus
|
5.3 |
35.8 |
|
0 |
| Saimiri sciureus
|
43.1 |
86.7 |
|
0 |
| Varecia variegata
|
8.3 |
175 |
|
0 |
WBC counts are available from ISIS (International Species Information System, 1999).
Blank cells indicate that no information is available for that species. Terrestriality
codes: 0=arboreal, 1=terrestrial in generally wooded habitat, 2=terrestrial in open
(savanna) habitat. Information on other social, ecological and mating variables can be obtained
from secondary sources cited in the published paper (Nunn et al. 2000). Raw data on population
density were particularly variable, but use of values from secondary sources provided similar
results. Because we used a three-part classification of mating partner number (van Schaik et al. 1999),
we conservatively used only those primate species with accurate information to ensure calculation of
reliable contrasts. Thus, we did not apply a value found in one species to its congeners, as
variation is common within genera (e.g.
Cercopithecus spp., Macaca spp.).
We also excluded
Pithecia pithecia from the analysis because little is known about its
mating habits in the wild (it was classified as 1+ mates in van Schaik et al. 1999,
whereas other sources listed it as monogamous), and contrasts involving this
species are less reliable due to phylogenetic uncertainty in that portion of the tree.
Moreover, information on combined WBC counts and mating behavior were available for an
uneven number of New World monkeys; to avoid calculating contrasts across major primate
radiations, for which grade shifts in WBC counts exist, therefore required us to
eliminate one species from this clade. Information on female WBC counts was available
for three gibbons (
Hylobates spp.), but information on mating behavior
was provided for the genus rather than individual species. We therefore used only one
gibbon species, choosing the one with the median female WBC count (
Hylobates lar).
We also performed analyses using combined male and female WBC values from the ISIS dataset.
Such analyses confound the effect of sex and age but provide more contrasts and similar results.
These results, and other phylogenetic analyses, will be presented elsewhere.
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