Appendix, from:
Nunn, C.L. 1999. The evolution ofexaggerated sexual swellings in primates and the graded signal hypothesis. AnimalBehaviour 58:229-246.
| Species | Exaggerated Swelling? (Y/N) | Mean Number of Males | Social System (SM/MM) 1 | Duration of Sexual Activity (avg. days) | Seasonal Breeding (Y/N) 2 |
| Allenopithecus nirgoviridis | Y | M | |||
| Cercocebus albigena | Y | 4.3 | M | 4 | N |
| Cercocebus atterimus | Y | 3 | M | N | |
| Cercocebus galeritus | Y | 2 | M | ||
| Cercocebus torquatus | Y | M | N | ||
| Cercopithecus aethiops | N | 4.1 | M | Y | |
| Cercopithecus ascanius | N | 1 | S | 3 | Y |
| Cercopithecus campbelli | N | 1 | S | ||
| Cercopithecus diana | N | 1 | S | ||
| Cercopithecus mitis | N | 1 | S | 2 | N |
| Cercopithecus neglectus | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Colobus angolensis | N | 2.4 | M | ||
| Colobus badius | Y | 4.4 | M | 5 | N |
| Colobus guereza | N | 1.5 | S | N | |
| Colobus kirkii | Y | M | |||
| Colobus polykomos | N | 2.8 | M | ||
| Colobus satanas | N | 2.5 | M | ||
| Erythrocebus patas | N | 1.5 | S | 1 | Y |
| Gorilla gorilla | N | 1.5 | S | 2 | N |
| Hylobates agilis | N | S | N | ||
| Hylobates concolor | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Hylobates hoolock | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Hylobates klossi | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Hylobates lar | N | 1 | S | 4 | N |
| Hylobates moloch | N | S | N | ||
| Hylobates muelleri | N | S | N | ||
| Hylobates pileatus | N | S | N | ||
| Hylobates syndactylus | N | S | N | ||
| Macaca arctoides | N | M | N | ||
| Macaca assamensis | N | 3 | M | N | |
| Macaca cyclopis | Y | 1.8 | M | Y | |
| Macaca fascicularis | Y | 4.7 | M | 15 | N |
| Macaca fuscata | Y | 3.4 | M | 11 | Y |
| Macaca maurus | Y | 4 | M | 15 | N |
| Macaca mulatta | Y | 4.5 | M | 9 | Y |
| Macaca nemestrina | Y | 2.4 | M | 13 | N |
| Macaca nigra | Y | M | 9 | N | |
| Macaca radiata | N | 7.3 | M | 5 | Y |
| Macaca silenus | Y | 1.6 | M | 18 | N |
| Macaca sinica | N | 2.7 | M | 14 | Y |
| Macaca sylvanus | Y | 4.7 | M | 14 | Y |
| Macaca thibetana | N | 5.5 | M | Y | |
| Macaca tonkeana | Y | M | 10 | N | |
| Mandrillus leucophaeus | Y | M | N | ||
| Mandrillus sphinx | Y | 1.5 | M | N | |
| Miopithecus talapoin | Y | 13 | M | 11 | Y |
| Nasalis larvatus | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Pan paniscus | Y | 6.7 | M | 15 | N |
| Pan troglodytes | Y | 6.7 | M | 14 | N |
| Papio anubis | Y | 7.2 | M | 6 | N |
| Papio cynocephalus | Y | 7 | M | 9 | N |
| Papio hamadryas | Y | 1.5 | M | 5 | N |
| Papio papio | Y | M | |||
| Papio ursinus | Y | 6.7 | M | 9 | N |
| Pongo pygmaeus | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Presbytis cristata | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Presbytis entellus | N | 2.6 | M | 6 | N |
| Presbytis francoisi | N | 1 | S | ||
| Presbytis johnii | N | 1.3 | S | ||
| Presbytis melalophos | N | 1.2 | S | ||
| Presbytis obscura | N | 2.5 | M | N | |
| Presbytis pileatus | N | 1 | S | ||
| Presbytis potenziani | N | 1 | S | ||
| Presbytis rubicunda | N | 1 | S | ||
| Presbytis vetulus | N | 1 | S | N | |
| Procolobus verus | Y | 2 | M | N | |
| Pygathrix brelichi | N | 1.3 | S | ||
| Pygathrix nemaeus | N | M | |||
| Simias concolor | N | 1 | S | ||
| Theropithecus gelada | Y | 1.5 | M | 9 | N |
1 S: single-male; M: multimale.
2 Breeding seasonality defined as >67% of births in a single three month period. Data taken from van Schaik et al. in press.
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